Abstract
Today, as fossil fuels are depleted, renewable energy must be used to meet the needs of human beings. One of the renewable energy sources is undoubtedly the solar–geothermal power plant. In this paper, the conventional and advanced, exergo-environmental and exergo-economic analysis of a geothermal–solar hybrid power plant (SGHPP) based on an organic Rankin cycle (ORC) cycle is investigated. In this regard, at first, a conventional analysis was conducted on a standalone geothermal cycle (first mode), as well as a hybrid solar–geothermal cycle (second mode). The results of exergy destruction for simulating the standalone geothermal cycle showed that the ORC turbine with 1050 kW had the highest exergy destruction that was 38% of the total share of destruction. Then, the ORC condenser with 26% of the total share of exergy destruction was in second place. In the hybrid geothermal–solar cycle, the solar panel had the highest environmental impact and about 56% of the total share of exergy destruction. The ORC turbine had about 9% of all exergy destruction. The results of the advanced analysis of exergy in the standalone geothermal cycle showed that the avoidable exergy destruction of the condenser was the highest. In the hybrid geothermal–solar cycle, the solar panel, steam economizer and steam evaporator were ranked first to third from an avoidable exergy destruction perspective. The avoidable exergo-economic destruction of the evaporator and pump were higher than the other components. The hybrid geothermal–solar cycle, steam economizer, solar pane and steam evaporator were ranked first to third, respectively, and they could be modified. The avoidable exergo-environmental destruction of the ORC turbine and the ORC pump were the highest, respectively. In the hybrid geothermal–solar cycle, steam economizers, solar panel and steam evaporators had the highest avoidable exergy destruction, respectively. For the standalone geothermal cycle, the total endogenous exergy destruction and exogenous exergy destruction was 83.61% and 16.39%. Moreover, from an exergo-economic perspective, 89% of the total destruction rate was endogenous and 11% was exogenous. From an exergo-environmental perspective, 88.73% of the destruction rate was endogenous and 11.27% was exogenous. For the hybrid geothermal–solar cycle, the total endogenous and exogenous exergy destruction was 75.08% and 24.92%, respectively. Moreover, 81.82% of the exergo-economic destruction rate was endogenous and 18.82% was exogenous. From an exergo-environmental perspective, 81.19% of the exergy destruction was endogenous and 18.81% was exogenous.
Highlights
Renewable energy is a critical part of reducing global carbon emissions
The results revealed that diameter, buried depth and insulation thickness can obtain the reference based on energy-saving for the transportation from a crude oil pipeline
Exergetic evaluation of system showed that the exergetic efficiency of the drive cycle with fluids of R114 and R123 was 24.15% and 23.90%, respectively, which decreased by 6.08% and 6.33% compared to R134a
Summary
Renewable energy is a critical part of reducing global carbon emissions. In comparison with fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas, the costs of renewable energy sources are higher. Regardless of the occlusion to the development of these forms of energy, the adoption of appropriate policies for application of renewable energies is impossible due to the production of distributed renewable energy in areas away from the global power transmission grid, Bayer et al [4], Ochoa et al [5]. Another problem is the lack of continuous production of energy during 24 h a day, but this can be eliminated by the application of various hybrid energy sources. Most previous research conducted on hybrid solar–geothermal energy has focused on conventional thermodynamic analysis (Bassettia et al [6], Díaz et al [7], Dincer et al [8], Islam and Dincer [9], Jiang et al [10], Lee et al [11], Ramos Cabal et al [12])
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