Abstract
Abstract
Highlights
Foam drainage is the process of liquid channelling through a foam or froth
Our experimental and numerical findings support the concept of an instability in forced drainage due to anisotropic drainage which was initially predicted by Neethling (2006)
The dependencies of the critical liquid fraction φcrit on bubble radius, surface tension, gravity and channel size are identical to the findings of Neethling (2006) for the assumption that the critical liquid fraction is negligible compared with the jamming point liquid fraction
Summary
Foam drainage is the process of liquid channelling through a foam or froth. Gravity-driven drainage can extract liquid from a foam, until extremely low liquid fractions are reached. When the flow of liquid exceeds a critical value, an inhomogeneous liquid fraction results and convection rolls set in. & Durian 2000; Hutzler et al 2007) have investigated whether the foam structure remains static They have observed that if the liquid fraction exceeds a certain critical value φcrit, a stable convection roll is formed, known as convective instability (CI). This is linked to an inhomogeneous liquid distribution over the channel cross-section, which cannot be explained by the drainage equation. The formation of this convection roll biases experiments in foam at a high liquid fraction, because it disturbs the assumption of homogeneous liquid fraction. We demonstrate the dependency of the critical liquid fraction φCI for the onset of CI on the initial liquid inhomogeneity as well as on the channel length
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