Convective Cloud Classification Model for Reconstruction of Heavy Rain That Triggers the Flood and Landslide in Parapat, North Sumatera

Abstract

Rainfall in Parapat as a part of Lake Toba, North Sumatera and a super-priority tourist destination in Indonesia on May, 13 2021 causes flood, it exceeds Meteorologi, Climatologi and Geophysics Agency’s threshold about intensity of extreme condition. It is related to dynamic of weather’s parameter, especially with convection process and clouds. The landslide material was very closed the road so that the SiantarParapat access was temporarily closed down. Heavy rains that have occurred since noon are said to be the cause of the floods and landslides that occurred at night. This study aims to describe the distribution of rain in Parapat and surrounding areas during floods and landslides. The data used are measured rainfall at the nearest AWS (Automatic Weather Station), and rainfall estimation data from GPM IMERG (Global Precipitation Measurement – The Integrated Multi-SatellitE Retrievals). The results of the study show that convective cloud classification model can be identify the reconstruction of heavy rain that trigger the flood and landslide in parapet. There has been rain with moderate to heavy intensity since 12 May 2021. Heavy rains that have occurred in the last few days have caused soil conditions to become saturated, resulting in landslides. Cloud classification shows the presence of Cumulonimbus cloud clusters that grow and develop around the Lake Toba area before and during heavy rains.