Abstract
Convection in a fluid, slightly above its gas-liquid critical point, is numerically investigated in two configurations where the strong stratification of the fluid—induced by its high compressibility—controls the development and/or the onset of convection: (i) the evolution of a thermal plume in a stable environment where the penetrative convection is found to be blocked by the fluid stratification, and (ii) the convection onset and outset in a supercritical fluid layer according to the Schwarzschild criterion, which usually occurs in the atmosphere when the local temperature gradient exceeds the adiabatic temperature one. Hence, two situations, commonly encountered in large-scale geophysical flows, are reproduced in a centimetric cell containing a supercritical fluid.
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