Convalescent plasma therapy for COVID-19

Heena Bholaram Choudhary Heena Bholaram Choudhary,Pratiksha Davkare Pratiksha Davkare,Rohan Rajkumar Patekar Rohan Rajkumar Patekar,Samkit Dilip Soni Samkit Dilip Soni,Akshita Pramod Jain Akshita Pramod Jain,Sachin Devidas Rede Sachin Devidas Rede,Shreyans Pravin Chorbele Shreyans Pravin Chorbele

doi:10.30574/wjarr.2021.11.3.0399

Heena Bholaram Choudhary Heena Bholaram Choudhary, Pratiksha Davkare Pratiksha Davkare + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.11.3.0399

Copy DOI

Abstract

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 in China represents a significant threat to global health. Unfortunately, effective therapeutic drugs and vaccines to cure SARS-CoV-2 are still lacking. Convalescent Plasma therapy which induces passive immunization seems a successful treatment for COVID-19 patients and also proves to be of huge value in terms of saving the severely ill patient. Plasma therapy acts by Blocking the Virus (Neutralization), Enhancing Phagocytosis (Opsonization), Immune System Activation (Complement Activation), and finally killing Virus (Antibody-Dependent Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity). Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States was also given the stamp of approval for use of plasma therapy on 23 August 2020. In this review, we introduced the effective level of antibodies, potential mechanisms of CPT, WHO criteria for donating the plasma as well as future uncertainties of convalescent plasma therapy in the treatment of COVID-19 patients.

Highlights

SARS-CoV-2 is a large and enveloped single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the family Coronavirinae that are usually presented in humans, which initially caused enzootic infections
Treatment that has been done for coronavirus are serum therapy: Serum is liquid plasma without fibrinogen which kills the virus by using the antibodies from the recovered patient, Neutralizing antibody therapy: In this antibodies block the pathogen by neutralizing, Adoptive immunotherapy: A type of immunotherapy in which T cells are given to a patient to fight against the disease, Nanomedicine: By using nanoparticle antigen is introduced in the human body to develop antibodies, Decoy Biomolecules: They bind and trap the coronavirus as well as stop multiplication of cells in the body, Anti-viral Drugs (Ribavirin, Favipiravir, lopinavir)
Convalescent plasma therapy involves the process of transfusion of a protein called antibodies from the person who has recovered from COVID-19

Summary

Introduction

SARS-CoV-2 is a large and enveloped single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the family Coronavirinae that are usually presented in humans, which initially caused enzootic infections. Treatment that has been done for coronavirus are serum therapy: Serum is liquid plasma without fibrinogen which kills the virus by using the antibodies from the recovered patient, Neutralizing antibody therapy: In this antibodies block the pathogen by neutralizing, Adoptive immunotherapy: A type of immunotherapy in which T cells are given to a patient to fight against the disease, Nanomedicine: By using nanoparticle antigen is introduced in the human body to develop antibodies, Decoy Biomolecules: They bind and trap the coronavirus as well as stop multiplication of cells in the body, Anti-viral Drugs (Ribavirin, Favipiravir, lopinavir). They increase the resistance of the cell to the virus and suppressed the virus adsorption in the cell [3]

Convalescent Plasma therapy

Influenza

Findings

Conclusion