Abstract
Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common secondary form of hypertension. The diagnosis of PA is of particular importance since aldosterone has been shown to play a pathological role in target organs that is partly independent from effects on blood pressure levels and electrolyte balance. Patients with PA display a higher rate of target organ damage than patients with essential hypertension. As a consequence, PA patients experience a higher rate of cardiovascular events such as stroke and myocardial infarction. The diagnosis of PA is also important as one subgroup of PA should be treated with specific medical therapy, whereas the other can be cured or considerably ameliorated by adrenalectomy. In this review we discuss the current controversies on the diagnostic work-up of PA and its subtypes.
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