Abstract
Long silver nanowires (Ag NWs) with lengths of ∼65 μm and aspect ratios as high as 1500 were synthesized using a tetrabutylammonium dichlorobromide (TBADCB) salt-based polyol process. The kinetics of crystal growth was studied using stepwise scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and surface Plasmon resonance spectroscopy. The diameters of the Ag NWs were shown to be strongly dependent on the molar concentration of TBADCB/AgNO3. We further demonstrated that the length of the Ag NWs could be controlled by adjusting the reaction temperature at the nucleation step or by varying the stirring speed. NWs with lengths of up to 60 μm and diameters as large as 32 nm were obtained when unidirectional axial stirring was performed at 1000 rpm using a T-shaped impeller, and at an initial nucleation temperature of 20°C. The obtained two-dimensional conducive Ag NW network films exhibited good optical properties, with a low haze of ≤1.0% and 98% transmittance at 60 Ω/sq, similar to the properties of the films compared of 20-nm-diameter Ag NWs (aspect ratio: ∼1000).
Highlights
INTRODUCTIONOne-dimensional (1-D) silver nanowires (Ag NWs) exhibit excellent electrical[1] and optical properties.[2,3] They have attracted attention as a promising replacement for indium tin oxide (ITO) for use as conductive adhesives,[4] conductive ink,[5,6] and transparent conducting electrodes[7,8,9] for electronic devices.[10,11,12,13,14] Particular attention has been devoted to random network films comprising
In the presence of AgNO3, PVP acts as a capping agent, kinetically controlling the growth rate at the Ag surfaces
This capping process is followed by 1D crystal growth in the {110} direction, which is favoured by selective absorption of PVP onto the different crystal faces, leading to the formation of wires
Summary
One-dimensional (1-D) silver nanowires (Ag NWs) exhibit excellent electrical[1] and optical properties.[2,3] They have attracted attention as a promising replacement for indium tin oxide (ITO) for use as conductive adhesives,[4] conductive ink,[5,6] and transparent conducting electrodes[7,8,9] for electronic devices.[10,11,12,13,14] Particular attention has been devoted to random network films comprising. The size asymmetry of the positive and negative ions prevents ionic liquids from forming crystals; instead, they remain permanently in the liquid state.[24] In the polyol production of Ag NWs, an appropriate combination of the cations of the quaternary ammonium structure and the BrCl2– anion species allows it to act as an etching agent. When it acts as a halide salt in a polyol reaction, it is easy to control the undissolved byproduct (Ag-particles) produced in the course of the reaction at an appropriate level, and is effective in size control. The surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) spectra were obtained by ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV/vis, Shimatsu UV3150)
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