Abstract
Ferrite samples with the compositional formula Ni0.95M0.05Fe1.95Al0.05O4 (M = Co2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+) were synthesized by the citrate sol–gel process to understand how doping with small amounts of different transition metal cations affects the magnetic properties. X-ray diffraction confirmed the existence of a single ferrite phase without detectable impurities. The Rietveld refinement showed that the samples crystallized in a cubic spinel structure with the Fd-3m space group. Scanning electron microscopy of the sintered samples revealed grain sizes of approximately 1 μm. The magnetic properties measured at room temperature using a vibrating sample magnetometer varied according to the dopant, which could be explained in terms of the site occupancy of the dopants in the cubic spinel lattice. The high field regimes of the hysteresis loops were modeled using the law of approach to saturation to determine the variation in the cubic anisotropy coefficients. These results highlight the possibility of controlling the magnetic properties through different transition metal cation substitutions.
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