Controlling the energy supply and demand of grid-connected building integrated photovoltaics considering real-time electricity prices to develop more sustainable and smarter cities

Abstract

Limited resources and energy supply constraints in today's society necessitate innovative solutions based on existing potentials and the possibility of development in the upcoming years. From this perspective, to efficiently manage both the supply and demand sides of energy in buildings, this study proposes a novel approach for grid-connected building integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs) considering the price of electricity. Regarding real-time electricity prices, the presented method allows for selecting grid electricity or photovoltaics per peak, off-peak, and between these two. In addition to reducing costs, this strategy lessens photovoltaic installation capacity and increases the justification of BIPVs. Considering demand-side management, proper control in terms of economic aspects is conducted based on the system's defined model and the price of electricity. The suggested technique outperforms other applied methods when both energy supply and demand are considered, as well as real-time electricity prices. The validity of this technique is confirmed by simulation results of system performance in a setting and for lighting loads. This approach advocates for establishing smart buildings and cities in tandem with the growth of smart grids and liberalized energy markets.