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Abstract
Sagnac interferometers with massive particles promise unique advantages in achieving high precision measurements of rotation rates over their optical counterparts. Recent proposals and experiments are exploring non-ballistic Sagnac interferometers where trapped atoms are transported along a closed path. This is achieved by using superpositions of internal quantum states and their control with state-dependent potentials. We address emergent questions regarding the dynamical behavior of Bose-Einstein condensates in such an interferometer and its impact on rotation sensitivity. We investigate complex dependencies on atomic interactions as well as trap geometries, rotation rates, and speed of operation. We find that temporal transport profiles obtained from a simple optimization strategy for non-interacting particles remain surprisingly robust also in the presence of interactions over a large range of realistic parameters. High sensitivities can be achieved for short interrogation times far from the adiabatic regime. This highlights a route to building fast and robust guided ring Sagnac interferometers with fully trapped atoms.
Highlights
Atom interferometry [1] for precision measurements and quantum sensing [2] has become a powerful tool with applications ranging from fundamental physics [3] to absolute gravimetry [4] and inertial sensing [5, 6]
If the effect to be measured depends on length or inertial and gravitational forces, the scaling of sensitivity with particle mass in an atom interferometer can be directly compared to its optical counterpart, promising signal gain by orders of magnitude [7]
We investigate the dynamical scale factor in conjunction with measurement bandwidth for the case of a trapped two-mode Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) and analyze a simple optimization scheme to achieve robust sensitivities, focusing on the slow rotation regime
Summary
Atom interferometry [1] for precision measurements and quantum sensing [2] has become a powerful tool with applications ranging from fundamental physics [3] to absolute gravimetry [4] and inertial sensing [5, 6]. Atomic wave packets do not disperse and their transport can be well controlled against gravity and external acceleration, where, in contrast, ballistic operation will affect the cycle time and may even preclude the enclosure of a large physical area Both guided and trapped interferometers have not yet reached maturity, and some intrinsic effects received little attention so far. The intrinsic effects of guided matter-wave interferometers include excitation of higher trap modes by internal and external forces, such as centripetal forces and imperfections that alter particle trajectories [21, 30], potential corrugations, external acceleration, and vibration These will affect timing, enclosed area, and interferometer contrast, and understanding their impact is complicated further by atomic interactions, quantum degeneracy and dimensionality of the atomic ensemble. Through optimizing time-dependent driving profiles of the transport potential, we can robustly achieve near-maximal sensitivities at short interrogation times ( large bandwidth) regardless of atomic interactions
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