Abstract
Nanotopographical features are found to have significant effects on bone behavior. In the present study, nanoporous aluminas with different pore sizes (20, 100 and 200 nm in diameter), were evaluated for their osteoinductive and drug eluting properties. W20-17 marrow stromal cells were seeded on nanoporous alumina with and without the addition of BMP-2. Although cell proliferation was not affected by pore size, osteogenic differentiation was 200 nm as compared to 20 and 100 nm pores induced higher alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and osteocalcin expression levels, thus indicating osteoblastic differentiation. Cell morphology revealed that cells cultured on 20 nm pores adopted a rounded shape, while larger pores (200 nm) elicited an elongated morphology. Furthermore, ALP expression levels were consistently higher on BMP-2 loaded nanoporous alumina surfaces compared to unloaded surfaces, indicating that not only is nanoporous alumina osteoinductive, but also has the potential to be used as a drug eluting bone-implant coating.
Highlights
Bone diseases and injuries such as osteosarcoma, osteoporosis, and bone fractures are a major clinical and socioeconomic impetus for the development of new bone replacement strategies [1]
We investigated the effect of nanotopography on osteogenic differentiation on varied pore sizes (20, 100 and 200 nm in diameter)
Controlled nanoarchitectural surface features that closely mimic that of native bone morphology, could help promote osteoblast functionality, thereby enhancing overall osseointegration between the implant and tissue interface
Summary
Bone diseases and injuries such as osteosarcoma, osteoporosis, and bone fractures are a major clinical and socioeconomic impetus for the development of new bone replacement strategies [1]. (2014) ontrolling Osteogenic Differentiation through Nanoporous Alumina. Current research has focused on the creation of highly porous, three dimensional, scaffolds that can be loaded with specific tissue inducing factors to promote tissue regeneration [3]-[5]. Studies have suggested that scaffold pore size and geometry can affect stem cell differentiation. Some have observed that pores ranging from 70 - 100 nm facilitate osteoblast differentiation via increased stem cell elongation, and by inducing cytoskeletal stress [7]. The purpose of this study was to identify pore size ranges that affect stem cell proliferation and subsequent osteogenic differentiation. To determine the critical pore sizes for cell osteogenic responses, we used nanoporous alumina as a model substrate. It should be noted that human osteoblasts cultured on nanoporous alumina maintain a physiological phenotype [9] [15]
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