Controlling Groudwater System by Pattern Fracture Approach in Subsurface Volcanic Deposit: Mt.Salak- Mt.Pangranggo, West Java, Indonesia

Abstract

In general, the volcanic region has high potential of water resources. However, volcanic field are very complex in structure and texture of rock compared with sedimentary rocks. They also have different porosity in type and distribution, with the spread of the highly different within a short distance. Consequently, groundwater in this volcanic area is quite difficult to predict groundwater flow. Those rocks should be identified as vertical and lateral spreading. In fact, the groundwater a is not flowing in the volcanic rock pores only, but also flow in fractures that developed by the volcanic and tectonic processes. Ciherang area which is located between Mount Salak and Mount Gede-Pangrango and bypassed by tectonic faults, has a complex fracture pattern. The result of this fracture pattern research indicated that at least four pattern of fracture systems were developed. All fracture patterns were suggested in relation with the imposition of volcanic rocks. Groundwater in these fractures have to consider for water resources calculation. Therefore fracture media has become one of the important parameters in the calculation of water resources. The modelling of subsurface volcanic deposit was developed by resistivity value of rock deposits. They can describe the distribution of volcanic deposits until 150 meters below surface. The fracture that constantly developed up to certain depth will be exposed by contrast enhancement of resistivity model of rock deposits. Delineation of fracture pattern will be known which each fracture pattern is associated with the flow of groundwater. Furthermore, there are also fractures are influenced by tectonic faults, and fractures caused by both of the processes. Fractures with high intensity indicated direction of porous media have a trend with relatively north-south direction and the fracture which is constantly up to certain depth is indicated as a pathway of groundwater flow, but several fractures which are affected by tectonic regional process will become a barrier of groundwater flow. To control the validity of fracture development, the stable isotope deuterium and oxygen content were used in groundwater as well as flowing water between one fracture systems to other systems.