Abstract
Compared with the status of bio-nanopores, there are still several challenges that need to be overcome before solid-state nanopores can be applied in commercial DNA sequencing. Low spatial and low temporal resolution are the two major challenges. Owing to restrictions on nanopore length and the solid-state nanopores’ surface properties, there is still room for improving the spatial resolution. Meanwhile, DNA translocation is too fast under an electrical force, which results in the acquisition of few valid data points. The temporal resolution of solid-state nanopores could thus be enhanced if the DNA translocation speed is well controlled. In this mini-review, we briefly summarize the methods of improving spatial resolution and concentrate on controllable methods to promote the resolution of nanopore detection. In addition, we provide a perspective on the development of DNA sequencing by nanopores.
Highlights
In recent decades, much progress has been made in applying DNA sequencing to read the sequences of bases in the genome [1, 2]
The doublenanopore system opens up a new path to the mechanical trapping of DNA in solid-state nanopores, and it is a promising technique to measure a wide range of biomolecules with the advantages of being label-free, and having a high signal-to-noise ratio and low cost
Compared with traditional solid-state-nanopore membranes, monolayer 2D membranes are ideal for nanopore devices as they exhibit high ionic current signal-to-noise ratio and relatively large sensing regions
Summary
Much progress has been made in applying DNA sequencing to read the sequences of bases in the genome [1, 2]. The doublenanopore system opens up a new path to the mechanical trapping of DNA in solid-state nanopores, and it is a promising technique to measure a wide range of biomolecules with the advantages of being label-free, and having a high signal-to-noise ratio and low cost It can efficiently confine and trap the DNA molecules to slow down DNA translocation and can be used to study the physics of this nanoscale tug-of-war on DNA [41]. The position of the probe tip can be sensed by the tuning fork-based feedback force sensor and controlled by manipulating the nanometer positioning system This movement speed is 10 times slower than that of DNA manipulated by optical tweezers and 1000 times slower than DNA passing freely through solid-state nanopores [57]. Magnetic tweezers, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and tuning fork-based force sensing (TFFS) can detect the actual forces and position of the molecule in the nanopore, which is promising to control
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