Abstract
Dipolar interactions are ubiquitous in nature and rule the behavior of a broad range of systems spanning from energy transfer in biological systems to quantum magnetism. Here, we study magnetization-conserving dipolar induced spin-exchange dynamics in dense arrays of fermionic erbium atoms confined in a deep three-dimensional lattice. Harnessing the special atomic properties of erbium, we demonstrate control over the spin dynamics by tuning the dipole orientation and changing the initial spin state within the large 20 spin hyperfine manifold. Furthermore, we demonstrate the capability to quickly turn on and off the dipolar exchange dynamics via optical control. The experimental observations are in excellent quantitative agreement with numerical calculations based on discrete phase-space methods, which capture entanglement and beyond-mean field effects. Our experiment sets the stage for future explorations of rich magnetic behaviors in long-range interacting dipoles, including exotic phases of matter and applications for quantum information processing.
Highlights
Spin lattice models of localized magnetic moments, which interact with one another via exchange interactions, are paradigmatic examples of strongly correlated many-body quantum systems
Their implementation in clean, isolated, and fully controllable lattice confined ultracold atoms opens a path for a new generation of synthetic quantum magnets, featuring highly entangled states, especially when driven out of equilibrium, with broad applications ranging from precision sensing and navigation to quantum simulation and quantum information processing [1,2]
We explore the dipolar exchange dynamics and benchmark our simulator with an advanced theoretical model, which takes quantum entanglement and spatial inhomogeneities into account
Summary
Spin lattice models of localized magnetic moments (spins), which interact with one another via exchange interactions, are paradigmatic examples of strongly correlated many-body quantum systems Their implementation in clean, isolated, and fully controllable lattice confined ultracold atoms opens a path for a new generation of synthetic quantum magnets, featuring highly entangled states, especially when driven out of equilibrium, with broad applications ranging from precision sensing and navigation to quantum simulation and quantum information processing [1,2]. They are responsible for the large magnetic moment in erbium, leading to a strong dipolar coupling between atoms in neighboring lattice sites. The reported demonstration of these new control knobs, some without equivalence in alkali and chromium atoms, constitutes an important step toward a fully controllable quantum simulator, e.g., for the realization of synthetic dimension [21,22,23] or as qudits for quantum computation [24,25,26]
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