Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most severe bacterial disease of citrus crops caused by Candidatus Liberibacter spp. It causes a reduction in fruit yield, poor fruit quality, and even plants death. Due to the lack of effective medicine, HLB is also called citrus “AIDS.” Currently, it is essential for the prevention and control of HLB to use antibiotics and pesticides while reducing the spread of HLB by cultivating pathogen-free seedlings, removing disease trees, and killing Asian citrus psyllid (ACP). New compounds [e.g., antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and nanoemulsions] with higher effectiveness and less toxicity were also found and they have made significant achievements. However, further evaluation is required before these new antimicrobial agents can be used commercially. In this review, we mainly introduced the current strategies from the aspects of physical, chemical, and biological and discussed their environmental impacts. We also proposed a green and ecological strategy for controlling HLB basing on the existing methods and previous research results.
Highlights
Huanglongbing (HLB), named for the leaf yellowing of diseased citrus, was first discovered in the Chaoshan area of Guangdong Province, China in the 1910s (Reinking, 1919)
We compared the results from different investigators and found that the symptoms of HLBinfected trees were alleviated to a certain extent after continuous treatment between 40 and 50◦C
The Ca.Las titer decreased to undetectable levels and most of the trees restored health in treated groups compared with untreated groups (Hoffman et al, 2013; Fan et al, 2016; Munir et al, 2018)
Summary
Huanglongbing (HLB), named for the leaf yellowing of diseased citrus, was first discovered in the Chaoshan area of Guangdong Province, China in the 1910s (Reinking, 1919). With the deepening of globalization, HLB has spread from Asia to Africa and the Americas (Faghihi et al, 2010; Lopes et al, 2010; Bassanezi et al, 2020) It has affected major citrus-producing areas and severely hindered the development of the citrus industry. The gene encoding a protein of the serralysin family was found next to the T1SS of Ca.Las. The previous study has shown that this protein played an important role in the bacteria against host defense. The previous study has shown that this protein played an important role in the bacteria against host defense It has strongly expressed in citrus phloem (Felfoldi et al, 2009; Faghihi et al, 2010; Cong et al, 2012). We propose an environmentally friendly strategy for controlling HLB (Figure 2)
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