Abstract
Hypochlorite, permanganate, and peroxide with iron were compared for their effectiveness against adult zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha). The effects of hypochlorite and permanganate at applied concentrations of 0.5–2.5 mg/L were contrasted in continuous and intermittent 28‐day static renewal tests. In addition, 0.5–10 mg free Cl2/L, 0.5–2.5 mg KMnO4/L, and 1–5 mg H2O2/L (with iron at 25 percent of the H2O2) were applied continuously for 28 or 56 days in flow‐through systems. Permanganate was usually less effective than hypochlorite, and both were much more effective than the peroxide–iron combination. The data also indicated that intermittent treatments were ineffective (mussels avoided the chemical by closing up during treatments), that chlorine and permanganate were less toxic at lower temperatures, and that less chlorine was needed for a given kill when lower concentrations were applied.
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