Controlled Release of Chlorogenic Acid from Polyvinyl Alcohol/Poly(γ-Glutamic Acid) Blended Electrospun Nanofiber Mats with Potential Applications in Diabetic Foot Treatment.

Isela Sandoval-Herrera,Antonio Ledezma-Pérez,Carmen Alvarado-Canché,Arxel De-León,Jorge Romero-García,Román Torres-Lubian

doi:10.3390/polym13172943

Isela Sandoval-Herrera, Antonio Ledezma-Pérez + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13172943

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Abstract

This work biosynthesized poly(γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA) produced by Bacillus licheniformis ATCC-9945a. This material was utilized to prepare electrospun nanofibers with solutions of 10% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (w/v) mixed with γ-PGA at 5 and 10% w/v, intended as a wound dressing for diabetic foot treatment. These solutions were loaded with chlorogenic acid (CGA), an active hypoglycemic agent. Morphological analysis showed a decrease in size of the fibers with the combination of PVA/γ-PGA compared to pure PVA nanofibers, which was attributed to the hydrogen bonding interactions between the glutaraldehyde vapors, γ-PGA, and PVA that permitted nanofiber cross-linking and allowed CGA release. The in vitro release analysis showed that the PVA membranes reached 28% delivery after the first 24 h. Notably, the nanofiber mat with PVA blended with 5% γ-PGA reached 57% delivery, and the PVA nanofiber with 10% γ-PGA reached 66% release after the same amount of time. The rate constant for the release kinetics showed that PVA with 5% γ-PGA had a higher value than that of the other samples, reaching saturation first.

Highlights

Diabetes is a chronic degenerative disease that can be present in both adults and children
We demonstrated that chlorogenic acid (CGA) was successfully incorporated into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or PVA/γPGA nanofiber mats through electrospinning and released into phosphate buffer media in a sustained manner for more than 200 h
Biodegradable polymer meshes were fabricated by electrospinning PVA and PVA/γPGA polymer solutions and loaded with CGA to assess the effects of γ-PGA on the drug delivery system

Summary

Introduction

Diabetes is a chronic degenerative disease that can be present in both adults and children. Its worldwide incidence is too high, and in recent years, the risk of dying from diabetes has increased [1]. Compounding factors that can be present along with obesity are among the most important and can lead to cardiovascular diseases [2]. Consequences of diabetes can lead to diseases such as renal insufficiency, diabetic nephropathy, and high blood pressure. Various drugs are used to treat diabetes. Each drug has been shown to be efficacious, on occasion, side effects or even death can occur if the daily intake is not controlled [4]

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