Abstract
We present studies of the formation of silver nanoparticles (NPs) in silver-sodium ion-exchanged glasses by a combination of thermal poling and nanosecond pulsed laser irradiation at 355 nm. In poling, silver ions drift deeper into the glass and become separated from the glass surface by a poled layer depleted in cations. Performed measurements have indicated poling-induced broadening of silver ions depth distribution. Laser irradiation reduces silver ions to atomic silver via breaking silver–non-bridging oxygen (NBO) bonds, extraction of electrons from the NBO atoms and capturing these electrons and electrons generated via multi-photon absorption in the glass by silver ions. The depleted layer limits diffusion of silver atom towards glass surface and, as a consequence, formation of silver NPs on the surface of poled glasses. It is shown that thermal poling mode allows one to control formation of silver NPs of glass surface.
Highlights
Introduction us cri ptLaser-assisted surface treatment has become a powerful tool for the formation of metal nanoparticles (NPs) in optically transparent media, primarily in glasses, and for the modification of glass-metal nanocomposites
We present the controlled formation of silver NPs in ionexchanged glass using a combination of thermal poling and nanosecond pulsed laser irradiation at 355 nm
After irradiation of the prepared samples, we observed metallization of the laser-exposed glass region, similar to what we observed in silver-to-sodium exchanged glasses [25]
Summary
Laser-assisted surface treatment has become a powerful tool for the formation of metal nanoparticles (NPs) in optically transparent media, primarily in glasses, and for the modification of glass-metal nanocomposites. In most of the published studies, except for [10] and [13], silver ions were introduced in the glass matrix using the ion-exchange technique This provided relatively high concentration of the embedded silver in the subsurface layer of glass [18], and the NPs formation in this layer was controlled by the laser irradiation parameters [10,15]. This technique enables production of a large variety of optical elements, such as 2D structured optical amplitude masks, elements for data recording and storage, etc., with the spatial resolution determined by the laser beam diameter [19,20].
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