Abstract
Lithium metal is a promising anode material for its low redox potential and high theoretical specific capacity. However, the commercial application of the lithium metal anode is hindered with safety concerns arising from the uncontrolled growth of the lithium dendrites and significant volume variation during the lithium plating and stripping processes. Modification to the current collector is effective in tailoring the morphology of the deposited lithium and improving the cycling performance of the lithium metal batteries This review summarizes at first the global research advances in the structural design and the selection of the current collectors and their textures. It then presents some of our efforts in realizing controlled lithium deposition by designing current collectors in three aspects, lithium deposition induced by the micro-to-nano structures, lithiophilic alloys and iron carbides. Finally, conclusions and prospects are made for the further research of the current collectors.
Highlights
Lithium metal anode, known for its high theoretical capacity and low redox potential, has received considerable interest for the high energy-density batteries (Tarascon and Armand, 2001; Zhang et al, 2021a)
After a brief introduction about the global research advances for the controlled lithium deposition, this review presents some of our recent work on designing the current collectors to achieve the controlled deposition of lithium metal in three aspects: selective lithium deposition on micro-nano patterns, lithium deposition induced by lithiophilic alloys and underpotential lithium deposition in carbon nanotube (CNT) cavities
We proposed the possible mechanism of preferential lithium deposition in pits and extended these findings in the narrowly defined pits into the generalized pores composed of nanostructures, which can achieve higher-capacity lithium metal deposition to meet the practical requirements of the lithium metal batteries
Summary
Known for its high theoretical capacity and low redox potential, has received considerable interest for the high energy-density batteries (Tarascon and Armand, 2001; Zhang et al, 2021a). Various methods have been developed to realize the controlled deposition of the lithium metal, including optimizing the electrolytes (Yang et al, 2019a; Zhang S. et al, 2020; Zhang et al, 2021a; Yang et al, 2021b), applying the solid electrolytes, designing the current collectors (Yang et al, 2019c) and building artificial solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layers The electrolyte additives such as fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) (Zhang X.-Q. et al, 2017; Hou et al, 2019; Lin and Zhao, 2020), LiNO3 (Zhang et al, 2021a; May et al, 2021; Piao et al, 2021; Wahyudi et al, 2021) and vinylene carbonate (VC) (Kuwata et al, 2016; Xu Y. et al, 2020) are beneficial for forming stable SEI layers and inhibiting the growth of the lithium dendrites. We will discuss some new insights and future directions associated with the controlled lithium deposition
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