Abstract
The 20th century has witnessed a remarkable enhancement in the demand for varieties of consumer products, ranging from food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, to other industries. To enhance the quality of the product and to reduce the production cost, industries are gradually inclined towards greener processing technologies. Cavitation-based technologies are gaining interest among processing technologies due to their cost effectiveness in operation, minimization of toxic solvent usage, and ability to obtain superior processed products compared to conventional methods. Also, following the recent advancements, cavitation technology with large-scale processing applicability is only denoted to the hydrodynamic cavitation (HC)-based method. This review includes a general overview of hydrodynamic cavitation-based processing technologies and a detailed discussion regarding the process effectiveness. HC has demonstrated its usefulness in food processing, extraction of valuable products, biofuel synthesis, emulsification, and waste remediation, including broad-spectrum contaminants such as pharmaceuticals, bacteria, dyes, and organic pollutants of concern. Following the requirement of a specific process, HC has been implemented either alone or in combination with other process-intensifying steps, for example, catalyst, surfactant, ultraviolet (UV), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and ozone (O3), for better performance. The reactor set-up of HC includes orifice, slit venturi, rotor-stator, and sonolator type constrictions that initiate and control the formation of bubbles. Moreover, the future directions have also been pointed out with careful consideration of specific drawbacks.
Highlights
The growing human population has impacted almost all industrial sectors to transform their existing technologies for better alternatives
We have extensively reviewed the application of hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) for a range of processing requirements, and this review contains detailed information, as well as a discussion on HC-assisted extraction, emulsification, food processing, biofuel synthesis, and wastewater remediation
This review demonstrated that hydrodynamic cavitation could be implemented in several processing steps, which can appropriately harness the effect of bubble implosion
Summary
The growing human population has impacted almost all industrial sectors to transform their existing technologies for better alternatives. HC is a novel technique that has extensive applications, ranging from food processing to waste remediation. Considering food processing and extraction, HC can be superior compared to conventional methods in terms of solvent and energy consumption, improved product quality, and large-scale application. The food processing, and the brewing industry have seen the radical inclusion of hydrodynamic cavitation for process intensification, gluten reduction, and to retain certain healthy bioactive compounds. HC finds its application in a broad category of greener processing methods, while demonstrating efficient utilization of energy and resource. We have extensively reviewed the application of HC for a range of processing requirements, and this review contains detailed information, as well as a discussion on HC-assisted extraction, emulsification, food processing, biofuel synthesis, and wastewater remediation
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