Abstract
Tungsten trioxide (WO3) nanostructures were synthesized by hydrothermal method using sodium tungstate (Na2WO4·2H2O) alone as starting material, and sodium tungstate in presence of ferrous ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2·6H2O] or cobalt chloride (CoCl2·6H2O) as structure-directing agents. Orthorhombic WO3having a rectangular slab-like morphology was obtained when Na2WO4·2H2O was used alone. When ferrous ammonium sulfate and cobalt chloride were added to sodium tungstate, hexagonal WO3nanowire clusters and hexagonal WO3nanorods were obtained, respectively. The crystal structure and orientation of the synthesized products were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-Raman spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and their chemical composition was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The optical properties of the synthesized products were verified by UV–Vis and photoluminescence studies. A photodegradation study on Procion Red MX 5B was also carried out, showing that the hexagonal WO3nanowire clusters had the highest photodegradation efficiency.
Highlights
One-dimensional (1-D) nanostructures have attracted much attention because of their distinct properties and wider applications
The data reported in Refs. [6, 14–17] show that I-group compounds such as Li2SO4, Na2SO4, Na2S, K2SO4, and Rb2SO4 were used as structure-directing chemicals for the synthesis of WO3 nanostructures
Rectangular slab-like WO3 crystals were obtained by direct hydrothermal synthesis
Summary
One-dimensional (1-D) nanostructures have attracted much attention because of their distinct properties and wider applications. Keywords Tungsten trioxide Á Hydrothermal Á Structure-directing chemicals Á Nanowires Á Nanorods Á Photodecomposition Cobalt chloride was used as another structure-directing chemical to realize the change in morphology of WO3 products.
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