Abstract
Spatial positioning of nanocrystal building blocks on a solid surface is a prerequisite for assembling individual nanoparticles into functional devices. Here, we report on the graphoepitaxial liquid-solid growth of nanowires of the photovoltaic compound CH3NH3PbI3 in open nanofluidic channels. The guided growth, visualized in real-time with a simple optical microscope, undergoes through a metastable solvatomorph formation in polar aprotic solvents. The presently discovered crystallization leads to the fabrication of mm2-sized surfaces composed of perovskite nanowires having controlled sizes, cross-sectional shapes, aspect ratios and orientation which have not been achieved thus far by other deposition methods. The automation of this general strategy paves the way towards fabrication of wafer-scale perovskite nanowire thin films well-suited for various optoelectronic devices, e.g. solar cells, lasers, light-emitting diodes and photodetectors.
Highlights
Spatial positioning of nanocrystal building blocks on a solid surface is a prerequisite for assembling individual nanoparticles into functional devices
Even if very little is known concerning their liquid phase growth mechanism or their structural and photo-physical properties, elongated lead halide perovskite particles[9,13] have already been successfully integrated into perovskite-based solar cells[14] and ultrasensitive, micro-fabricated photodetectors[15]
The liquid phase growth pattern is determined by the formation of nucleation centers randomly distributed over the substrate, there is little control on the area coverage, pinholes, aspect ratio and orientation of the nanowires[9,15]
Summary
Spatial positioning of nanocrystal building blocks on a solid surface is a prerequisite for assembling individual nanoparticles into functional devices. The liquid phase growth pattern is determined by the formation of nucleation centers randomly distributed over the substrate, there is little control on the area coverage, pinholes, aspect ratio and orientation of the nanowires[9,15]. Here, we report on the guided growth of extremely high aspect-ratio perovskite crystalline nanowires in the arrays of open nanofluidic channels.
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