Abstract
Pb-based hybrid perovskite solar cells, despite their advantages, face challenges in commercialization. In recent years, Bi-based chalcohalides are being considered as potential alternative candidates, however, their current device efficiency remains unsatisfactory. Herein, a two-step solution method is developed and applied to the fabrication of BiSI films. The method consists of the formation of Bi2S3 (step I) and its conversion to BiSI (step II). The Bi2S3 was fabricated by a thiol-amine solution process and the BiSI conversion was achieved by chemical reaction between the as-formed Bi2S3 and BiI3. It was found that the formation of BiSI was highly dependent on the Bi:S molar ratio of the Bi2O3-thiourea solution and the number of times of step I. The as-fabricated BiSI film had an optical band gap of 1.61 eV and exhibited nanorod morphology. In addition, the electronic structure is explored and discussed for solar cells applications.
Highlights
Pb-based hybrid perovskites (Pb perovskites) solar cells have several advantages, such as remarkable device efficiency, low-cost fabrication, and unique optoelectronic properties [1,2,3]
We introduce the fabrication of BiSI films via our two-step solution process for solar cell applications
These are close to the reported values of 1.3–1.7 [16,17] and 1.5–1.8 eV [5,6,7,8,9,18,19], respectively. They have similar absorption edges around 1.6 eV (Figure 1c), thereby showing a similar sample color, as shown in the inset image. These results indicate that BiSI film was successfully obtained from the Bi2S3 film at a low temperature of 200 ◦C via our two-step solution process
Summary
Pb-based hybrid perovskites (Pb perovskites) solar cells have several advantages, such as remarkable device efficiency, low-cost fabrication, and unique optoelectronic properties [1,2,3] These are considered to be the most promising substitute for Si, widely used in the solar market. The solar cells based on them are expected to exhibit a high device efficiency because of the ns electronic configuration of Bi3+ (like Pb2+ of Pb perovskites), enabling defect-tolerant features [4,5,6] Despite their great potential, little work has been carried out on solar cells, and their best reported device efficiency of 1.32% is unsatisfactory [8,9]. Fabrication methods suitable for solar cells are still lacking and have not been optimized to achieve the best performance
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