Abstract
For most carbon‐based materials, hierarchical porous structure including well‐defined macropores, mesopores, and micropores is commonly seen in 3D aerogels, monoliths, or some carbothermic natural biomass. However, because of the filiform character and long draw ratio, it is difficult to achieve such pore network as well as attain excellent mechanical performance in a 1D single carbon fiber system. To address this issue, an innovative hierarchical porous and hollow carbon textile (HPHCT) is developed via the “dynamic template (KOH, SiO2, and Al2O3) calcination” strategy. Unlike conventional one‐step activated carbonized fiber simply with meso or micropores, the fabricated textile generates honeycomb‐like macropores uniformly spreading on fiber surface. More importantly, the ultra‐lightweight yet flexible HPHCT is mechanically robust, superior to ordinary carbonized one. In addition, it delivers high capacitance of maximum 220 F g−1 as well as keeping long term stability with 100% retention after 10 000 cycles as freestanding electrodes in supercapacitor. Meanwhile, the all‐solid integrated symmetric HPHCT supercapacitors demonstrates its high potential in powering electronics for wearable energy storage application.
Highlights
For most carbon-based materials, hierarchical porous structure including compared to the carbon materials with simple or dual pore structures.[3]
From the microscope image (Figure 1d), it is found that the yarns in pristine cotton-950 textile becomes loose after carbonization while the morphology of the hierarchical porous and hollow carbon textile (HPHCT) after the pyrolysis process remains intact with its original weave structures as well as interlacing warp and weft yarns in the vertical and horizontal directions
Carbonization and activation process led to the serious cracking of individual carbon fibers, the highly rough surface can effectively prevent single fiber sliding and make yarn as well as the whole fabric even thicker and stronger than the carbon textile achieved from pure cotton
Summary
Despite the highly hierarchical pore features, the prepared HPHCT possess a high tensile stress of ≈1.3 MPa and elastic modulus of ≈26.5 MPa, which is much higher than that of carbon textile obtained from pure cotton (Cotton-950) (σ ≈ 0.35 MPa, E ≈ 4.9 MPa) (Figure 1c). From the microscope image (Figure 1d), it is found that the yarns in pristine cotton-950 textile becomes loose after carbonization while the morphology of the HPHCT after the pyrolysis process remains intact with its original weave structures as well as interlacing warp and weft yarns in the vertical and horizontal directions. Carbonization and activation process led to the serious cracking of individual carbon fibers, the highly rough surface can effectively prevent single fiber sliding and make yarn as well as the whole fabric even thicker and stronger than the carbon textile achieved from pure cotton
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