Abstract
The physics of quantized vortex excitations in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates has been extensively studied in recent years.Although simple vortex lines are relatively easy to create, control, and measure in experiments, it is a lot more difficult to do the same for vortex ring structures.Here we suggest and explore a method for generating and controlling superfluid vortex rings, vortex ring lattices, and other three dimensional vortex structures in toroidally-trapped superfluid Bose--Einstein condensates by using the artificial magnetic field produced by an optical nanofiber.The presence of the fiber also necessitates a multiply-connected geometry and we show that in this situation the presence of these vortex structures can be deduced from exciting the scissors mode of the condensate.
Highlights
Atomic Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) are superfluids consisting of neutral, bosonic atoms that have been cooled and condensed into the macroscopic ground state of an external potential [1]
We suggest and explore a method for generating and controlling superfluid vortex rings, vortex ring lattices, and other three-dimensional vortex structures in toroidally trapped superfluid Bose-Einstein condensates by using the artificial magnetic field produced by an optical nanofiber
The direct absorption imaging techniques employed in the field of BECs are not well suited to determine whether or not a three-dimensional vortex structure is present in an experimental system, as the known creation mechanisms do not lead to well-defined spatial orientations
Summary
Atomic Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) are superfluids consisting of neutral, bosonic atoms that have been cooled and condensed into the macroscopic ground state of an external potential [1]. The direct absorption imaging techniques employed in the field of BECs are not well suited to determine whether or not a three-dimensional vortex structure is present in an experimental system, as the known creation mechanisms do not lead to well-defined spatial orientations Another method to induce rotational effects in a BEC is through the introduction of artificial magnetic fields, which can be created, for example, by the interaction between an atomic system in a dressed state and an electric field that is tuned near an atomic resonance frequency [22]. Our proposed setup will allow for the creation of vortex rings in BECs that are trapped toroidally around the fiber at roughly the same distance by coupling the BEC to the evanescent field created by different modes propagating through the nanofiber [35]. IV, we conclude and briefly discuss potential extensions of the suggested system
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