Controllable synthesis of phenolic resin-based carbon aerogel templated by graphene oxide for high-performance supercapacitors

Abstract

In this work, porous phenol formaldehyde carbon aerogel (PFCA) was facilely manufactured by using simple hydrothermal method and ambient pressure drying. The micromorphology, specific area and electrochemical characteristic of the produced carbon aerogel were examined with scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption tests, cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The effects of catalyst and phenol addition, and solvent type on the structure and property have been systematically studied. The results show that the PFCA has a three-dimensional "bead chain" network structure and the typical PFCA-7.5/8 sample exhibits high specific surface area of 759.02 m2 g−1. Moreover, the graphene oxide composited phenol formaldehyde carbon aerogel (GO/PFCA) presenting a lamellar structure was developed by using GO as template. The optimum PFCA-7.5/8 prepared with ethanol as solvent has the best electrochemical performance of 138.33 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1 in 6 M KOH electrolyte, which can be improved to 150.00 F g−1 for the GO/PFCA-3 sample.