Abstract
With rapid smart grid technology development, the customer can actively participate in demand-side management (DSM) with the mutual information communication between the distributor operation company and the smart devices in real-time. Controllable load management not only has the advantage of peak shaving, load balance, frequency regulation, and voltage stability, but is also effective at providing fast balancing services to the renewable energy grid in the distributed power system. The load management faces an enormous challenge as the customer has a large number of both small residential loads and dispersed renewable sources. In this paper, various controllable load management approaches are discussed. The traditional controllable load approaches such as the end users’ controllable appliances, storage battery, Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), and heat storage are reviewed. The “broad controllable loads” management, such as the microgrid, Virtual Power Plant (VPP), and the load aggregator are also presented. Furthermore, the load characteristics, control strategies, and control effectiveness are analyzed.
Highlights
IntroductionControllable load management has become an active area of new research
In recent years, controllable load management has become an active area of new research
In the distributed power system, the popular controllable loads such as refrigerators, freezers, air conditioners, water heaters, and heat pumps are controlled by the load management programs including direct load control (DLC) [5,6,7,8] and interruptible load management (ILM) [9,10,11,12]
Summary
Controllable load management has become an active area of new research. In the distributed power system, the popular controllable loads such as refrigerators, freezers, air conditioners, water heaters, and heat pumps are controlled by the load management programs including direct load control (DLC) [5,6,7,8] and interruptible load management (ILM) [9,10,11,12] Other controllable loads such as battery storage, Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), heat storage, etc., are more and more active to take part in the load management programs [13]. With the development of smart grid technologies such as smart meter and smart control technologies, a lot of distributed generation and renewable energy sources (RES) are conveniently connected with the distributed grid [15,16].
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