Abstract
This paper reports a novel microarray chip for in-situ, real-time and selective electroporation on individual cells integrated with cell positioning and impedance monitoring. An array of quadrupole-electrode units (termed positioning electrodes) and pairs of planar center electrodes located at the centers of each quadrupole-electrode unit were fabricated on the chip. The positioning electrodes are used to trap and position living cells onto the center electrodes based on negative dielectrophoresis (nDEP). The center electrodes are used for in-situ cell electroporation, and also used to measure cell impedance for monitoring cellular dynamics in real time. Controllably selective electroporation and electrical measurement on the cells in array are realized. We present an evidence of selective electroporation through use of fluorescent dyes. Subsequently we use in-situ and real-time impedance measurement to monitor the process, which demonstrates the dynamic behavior of the cell electroporation. Finally, we show the use of this device to perform successful transfection onto individual HeLa cells with vector DNA encoding a green fluorescent.
Highlights
Electroporation, individual cell electroporation in parallel have drawn a great attention to understand the heterogeneity and the whole cellular processes of cell transfection at the level of single cells
We present an evidence of cell electroporation by means of fluorescent dyes and show the propidium iodide (PI) can be successfully and selectively transported into HeLa cells in array
The microchip consists of 4-by-8 grid of quadrupole electrode units where pairs of center electrodes are located at the centers
Summary
Electroporation, individual cell electroporation in parallel have drawn a great attention to understand the heterogeneity and the whole cellular processes of cell transfection at the level of single cells. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a translational motion of a particle or cell by induced polarization in a non-uniform electric field It is one of the most versatile methods for particle manipulation due to its label-free, favorable scaling effect, simple structure and capability to integrate with in-situ cellular measurements. A novel microarray chip for in-situ, real-time and selective electroporation on individual cells by the aid of cell positioning and impedance monitoring is proposed. The center electrodes are used for in-situ and targeted cell electroporation and monitoring the cellular dynamics in real time (e.g. the electroporation process) by measuring cellular impedance spectrum. We conduct in-situ impedance measurement to monitor the dynamic process of the cellular electroporation in real time. We demonstrate the use of this device to perform successful transfection of individual Hela cells with vector DNA encoding a green fluorescent
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