Abstract
Based on the nonlinear relationship between heart rate and stroke volume, a flow model of left ventricular circulation was improved, and a variable-speed blood-pump control strategy based on heart-rate feedback was proposed. The control strategy was implemented on a system combining the rotary blood pump and blood circulation models of heart failure. The aortic flow of a healthy heart at different heart rates was the desired control goal. Changes in heart rate were monitored and pump speed was adjusted so that the output flow and aortic pressure of the system would match a normal heart in real time to achieve the best auxiliary state. After simulation with MATLAB, the cardiac output satisfied the ideal perfusion requirements at different heart rates, and aortic pressure demonstrated lifting and had good pulsatile performance when a variable-speed blood pump was used. The coupled model reflected the relationship between hemodynamic parameters at different heart rates with the use of the variable-speed blood pump, providing a theoretical basis for the blood-pump-assisted treatment of heart failure and the design of physiological control strategies.
Highlights
Over the last decades, medical researchers have placed increased emphasis on the development of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs), which can enhance or substitute the function of the natural heart and improve the blood perfusion levels of patients
LVADs are usually implanted for the targeted treatment of end-stage congestive heart failure or short-term support for patients waiting for heart transplantation [1,2,3,4,5]
The results showed that the variable-speed control strategy can provide a healthy pressure pulsation environment for the coupled model of left ventricular circulation, and the control system can be adjusted through real-time heart-rate feedback to achieve the ideal cardiac output
Summary
Medical researchers have placed increased emphasis on the development of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs), which can enhance or substitute the function of the natural heart and improve the blood perfusion levels of patients. A reduction in pulsatility causes persistent nonphysiological pressure at the aortic root; aortic root dilatation and valve fusion occur, which lead to some complications such as platelet dysfunction, endothelial dysfunction, and gastrointestinal bleeding [9,10,11,12]. An extremely slow pump speed may result in insufficient supply when blood regurgitates back from the aorta. An extremely fast pump speed leads to serious suction, which causes myocardial damage and ventricle collapse [13,14,15,16]
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