Abstract
The clubroot disease caused by the soil-borne pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae is one of the most important diseases of cruciferous crops worldwide. As with many plant pathogens, the spread is closely related to the cultivation of suitable host plants. In addition, temperature and water availability are crucial determinants for the occurrence and reproduction of clubroot disease. Current global changes are contributing to the widespread incidence of clubroot disease. On the one hand, global trade and high prices are leading to an increase in the cultivation of the host plant rapeseed worldwide. On the other hand, climate change is improving the living conditions of the pathogen P. brassicae in temperate climates and leading to its increased occurrence. Well-known ways to control efficiently this disease include arable farming strategies: growing host plants in wide crop rotations, liming the contaminated soils, and using resistant host plants. Since chemical control of the clubroot disease is not possible or not ecologically compatible, more and more alternative control options are being investigated. In this review, we address the challenges for its control, with a focus on biological control options.
Highlights
Clubroot caused by the soil-living, obligate biotrophic protist Plasmodiophora brassicaeWoronin belongs to the most devastating diseases of cruciferous crops worldwide [1,2].As Plasmodiophoridae the pathogen belongs to the Rhizaria—a group of protists [3,4].Together with the protist groups Stramenopiles and Alveolata, the Rhizaria represent the eukaryotic supergroup SAR, which is a highly diverse group of eukaryotic organisms [5]
We summarize the different options for combating clubroot, focusing on biological control
If clubroot host plants are repeatedly grown in the field, the resting spores of the pathogen can accumulate in the soil [15]
Summary
Clubroot caused by the soil-living, obligate biotrophic protist Plasmodiophora brassicae. The pathogen survives as extremely robust, thick-walled resting spores. Those spores can be transported from field to field via infested soil on machinery, by animals, water, or wind [9]. In this way, the spread of the disease can occur rapidly within a region. An important factor in clubroot management is the deployment of effective host plant resistance. Crop management practices are widely used to combat the disease. Control measures such as crop rotation and raising soil pH are not enough in reducing the disease. We summarize the different options for combating clubroot, focusing on biological control
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