Control strategies for transients of hydrogen production plant in VHTR cogeneration systems

Abstract

Operability of Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) hydrogen cogeneration systems in response to abnormal transients initiated by the hydrogen production plant is one of the important concerns from economical and safety points of views. The abnormal events in the hydrogen production plant could initiate load changes and induce temperature variations in a primary cooling system. Excessive temperature increase in the primary cooling system would cause reactor scrams since the temperature increase in the primary cooling system is restricted in order to prevent undue thermal stresses from reactor structures. Also, temperature decrease has a potential propagation path for reactor scrams by reactivity insertions as a consequence of the reactivity feedbacks. Since suspensions of reactor operation and electricity generation should be avoided even in case of abnormal events in the hydrogen production plant from an economical point of view, an establishment of a control scheme against abnormal transients of hydrogen production plant is required for plant system design. In the present study, basic controls and their integration for the GTHTR300C, a VHTR cogeneration system designed by JAEA with a direct Brayton cycle power conversion unit and thermochemical Iodine–Sulfur process hydrogen production plant (IS hydrogen production plant), against abnormal transients of IS hydrogen production plant are presented. Transient simulations for selected load change events in the IS hydrogen production plants are performed by an original system analysis code which enables to evaluate major phenomena assumed in process heat exchangers of the IS hydrogen production plant. It is shown that abnormal load change events are successfully simulated by the system analysis code developed. The results demonstrated the technical feasibility of proposed controls for continuous operation of the reactor and power conversion unit against load change events in the IS hydrogen production plant.