Abstract
The highest energies of the ions obtained from the explosion of an atomic cluster in an intense femtosecond laser field can vary greatly depending on the cluster size, atomic species and the peak intensity, duration and shape of the laser pulse. By careful choice of these parameters the ion energies, electron energies or X-ray emission can be optimised. A relationship is described that allows for rapid determination of the optimum experimental parameters. We present experimental data of keV X-ray emission from Argon clusters, which investigate intensity and pulse duration effects. In addition we present the first results from closed-loop optimal control, pulse-shaping experiments that optimise X-ray emission and show a significant enhancement in the X-ray yield.
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