Control of Vasoconstriction by Myoendothelial Ca2+ Signaling Through Gap Junctions

Abstract

In resistance arteries, smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) are communicated through gap junctions (i.e. myoendothelial gap junctions), which provide a signaling pathway for control of vasomotor tone. In this context, the Ca2+ signaling associated to smooth muscle contraction might also be transmitted via myoendothelial gap junctions and activate a regulatory feedback mechanism (myoendothelial feedback) by the production of endothelium‐dependent vasodilators. It is thought that IP3 is the main Ca2+‐related signaling transmitted from smooth muscle cells to endothelial cells, but the direct contribution of Ca2+ to the myoendothelial feedback is not clear. We investigated the temporal pattern of vasoconstriction in mesenteric resistance arteries, and their temporal relationship with the increase of Ca2+ in SMC and EC. We used intact mesenteric resistance arteries of Sprague dawley male rats (≤ 10 mm in length) to measure the vasoconstriction and changes in [Ca2+]i of smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells observed in response to phenylephrine (PE) or KCl using the fluorescent indicators of Ca2+, Fluo‐4 and X‐Rhod‐1.Changes in [Ca2+]i were also evaluated in primary cultures of mesenteric endothelial cells. All procedures were approved by the local Bioethical Committee (ID:180806005). The vasoconstriction induced by PE and KCl was not only associated with an increase of [Ca2+]i in smooth muscle cells, but also in endothelial cells, which was prevented by the blockade of L‐type voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channels with 10 μM nifedipine or the inhibition of gap junctions with 50 μM 18‐b‐Glycyrrhetenic acid. Although the stimulation with PE or KCl did not evoke an increment of [Ca2+]i in primary cultures of endothelial cells, the response induced by these vasoconstrictors was larger after blocking nitric oxide (NO) production with NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine (100 μM). These results suggest that the direct diffusion of Ca2+ contributes to the NO‐mediated component of the myoendothelial feedback.Support or Funding InformationConicyt 21171840