CONTROL OF THE NUMBER OF SUCKING PESTS OF WINTER WHEAT IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE RIGHT-BANK FOREST STEPPE

Abstract

This article theoretically summarizes and solves an important scientific problem regarding the clarification of the species composition of the entomocomplex of phytophages in winter wheat crops and the development of effective measures to control their number, depending on the use of plant protection products. As a result of entomological monitoring of winter wheat in Vinnytsia region, 34 species of insects from 16 families that damage this crop were specified. The Diptera range consisted of 11 species, the Coleoptera range was characterized by the greatest species diversity (14 species), their share in the structure of the entomocomplex was 30% of the total. 9 species of phytophages from a number of bugs, or Hemiptera, were identified. The share of Lepidoptera and Homoptera in the structure of the entomocomplex was 8% and 10% each. The orders of Thysanoptera and Hymenoptera had 2 species each. Orthoptera represented the smallest number of species – 2%. The main and most dangerous phytophages that cause significant damage to winter wheat crops from a complex of insect pests have been identified, namely: thrips, cereal aphids, and bread bugs. The effectiveness of modern insecticides against the dominant pests of winter wheat and the optimized methods of their application were evaluated. According to the results of winter wheat seed treatment with insecticides-protozoans, it was established that the lowest number of phytophagous was noted in variants with protozoans Cruiser 350 FS t.c.s. (0,5 l/t), the aphid occupancy rate was 0,04%, in the version where Promet 400 μ.s. (2,0 l/t) occupancy rate 0,06%. Accordingly, the technical efficiency of the Cruiser 350 FS t.c.s. (0,5 l/t) was 90.7%; Promet 400, m.s. (2,0 l/t) – 86.0%, while in the control, the density of larvae of these types of pests was almost 4,5 times higher. It was noted that the highest yield was observed in the version using the insecticide Cruiser 350 FS t.c.s., where the preserved yield was 2,6 t/ha. The lowest grain yield – 3,5 t/ha was noted in the variant with the use of the drug Gaucho 70% s.p. the saved yield did not exceed 0,1 t/ha. It was established that the treatment with protoxins had a positive effect not only on yield, but also on seed quality, in particular, on the weight of 1000 grains. In variants using insecticides, the weight of 1000 grains compared to the control increased by 10,0, 12,5, 14,8 g compared to the control. It was established that the use of insecticides during the winter wheat growing season, which were studied, showed high effectiveness in controlling aphids, bugs and thrips. However, it should be noted that the use of drugs Engeo 247 SC, 1,8 l/ha and Nurelle D, КЕ, 1,1 l/ha best limited the abundance of these phytophages. When using them, an increase in productivity was observed by – 4,5–4,9 t/ha, in the control – 4,0 t/ha