Abstract
Dynamic, coordinated changes in metabolic pathway activity underpin the protective and inflammatory activity of T cells, through provision of energy and biosynthetic precursors for effector functions, as well as direct effects of metabolic enzymes, intermediates and end-products on signaling pathways and transcriptional mechanisms. Consequently, it has become increasingly clear that the metabolic status of the tissue microenvironment directly influences T cell activity, with changes in nutrient and/or metabolite abundance leading to dysfunctional T cell metabolism and interlinked immune function. Emerging evidence now indicates that additional signals are integrated by T cells to determine their overall metabolic phenotype, including those arising from interaction with cytokines and hormones in their environment. The impact of these on T cell metabolism, the mechanisms involved and the pathological implications are discussed in this review article.
Highlights
Control of T Cell Metabolism by Cytokines and HormonesCollege of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
T lymphocytes are critical mediators of the adaptive immune response
Food deprivation in mice induced persistent defects in effector CD3+ T cell function, which were accompanied by metabolic impairments – diminished glucose uptake and glycolysis upon stimulation, linked to the failure to upregulate Glut 1 expression
Summary
College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom. Reviewed by: Ruoning Wang, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, United States Yeonseok Chung, Seoul National University, South Korea. Emerging evidence indicates that additional signals are integrated by T cells to determine their overall metabolic phenotype, including those arising from interaction with cytokines and hormones in their environment. The impact of these on T cell metabolism, the mechanisms involved and the pathological implications are discussed in this review article
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