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Abstract
Urban flooding has become a serious but not well-resolved problem during the last decades. Traditional mainstream facilities, such as vegetated roofs, permeable pavements, and others, are effective to eliminate urban flooding only in case of small rains because the water-retaining and detaining capacities of these traditional facilities are limited. Here, we propose a new buffer tank buried in soil to deal with rainwater onsite as peak-flow control for urban flooding mitigation. Experiments showed that the buffer tank intercepts the surface runoff and discharges the intercepted water through a designed outlet orifice. By properly setting the cross-sectional area of the orifice, the tank extends the drainage duration several times longer than that of the rainfall duration. It is found that the buffer tank attenuates the peak flow greater at heavier rain. At small rain (<2.5 mm), the tank is always unfilled, preserving storage spaces for detaining rainwater in case of heavy rain. The buffer tank is thus greatly helpful to mitigate the flooding problem, avoiding being saturated by small long-lasting rain.
Highlights
Urbanization seals many open soils, lawns, and other permeable surfaces with impervious surfaces such as pavements and roofs
Bubbles, ditches, and depressions are readily filled with water; as a result, further rainfall leads to runoff
Similar with other facilities tenuating the peak flow of runoff, the buffer tank newly developed in this study may be attenuating the peak flow of runoff, the buffer tank newly developed in this study may be prone to clogging when it is improperly designed
Summary
Urbanization seals many open soils, lawns, and other permeable surfaces with impervious surfaces such as pavements and roofs. The space for infiltrating the rainfall onsite has shrunk dramatically. Bubbles, ditches, and depressions are readily filled with water; as a result, further rainfall leads to runoff. When runoff from all sealed surfaces discharged simultaneously, the peak flow of the discharge may exceed the carrying capacity of the local sewers, and leading to flooding. Urban flooding occurs when surface water enters the sewers at a high place and becomes deposited at low-lying streets. The flooding problem has been becoming even more serious because climate change has increased the frequency of high intensity rainfall [1,2]
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