Abstract
Panama disease (Fusarium wilt disease) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4 (FOC) severely threatens banana (Musa spp.) production worldwide. Intercropping of banana with Allium plants has shown a potential to reduce Panama disease. In this study, six cultivars of Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum Rottler) were selected to compare their differences in antifungal activity and active compounds. Three cultivars Duokang Fujiu 11, Fujiuhuang 2, and Duokang Sijiqing with higher levels of antifungal compounds were further used for intercropping with banana in the pots and field to compare their effects on growth and disease incidence of banana.The six cultivars showed significant differences in antifungal activity against FOC mycelia growth in both leaf volatiles and aqueous leachates. The aqueous leachates displayed stronger antifungal activity than the volatiles. FJH cultivar showed the best inhibitory effect among all six cultivars. Contents of three main antifungal compounds dipropyl trisulfide (DPT), dimethyl trisulfide (DMT), and 2-methyl-2-pentenal (MP) in volatiles and aqueous leachates varied considerably among cultivars. Pot and field experiments showed that intercropping with three selected Chinese chive cultivars significantly improved banana vegetative growth, increased photosynthetic characteristics and yield but decreased disease incidence of Panama disease.Our results indicate that intercropping with Chinese chive shows potential to reduce banana Panama disease and selection of appropriate cultivars is vital for effective disease control.
Highlights
Banana (Musa spp.) is one of the world’s most important crops and it serves as a staple food in many developing tropical and subtropical countries [1]
Inhibitory effect of volatiles from the six cultivars Fresh leaves of the six Chinese chive cultivars were treated in two ways: cut into 1 cm segments to acquire the naturally released volatiles, or ground into powder in liquid nitrogen to acquire maximally released volatiles
All results from laboratory, greenhouse and field experiments suggested that the cultivar Fujiuhuang 2 (FJH) is the best cultivar of Chinese chive for intercropping with banana to control Panama disease
Summary
Banana (Musa spp.) is one of the world’s most important crops and it serves as a staple food in many developing tropical and subtropical countries [1]. It ranks next to rice, wheat, and maize in terms of its importance as a staple food crop [2]. Over 100 million metric tons of the crop are produced annually [3]. This crop production is severely hampered by Panama disease ( known as Fusarium wilt disease) caused by Fusarium. Crop rotation and microorganisms have shown promise for reducing the disease severity [16, 17]
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