Control of Networked Distributed Energy Resources in Grid-Connected AC Microgrids

Abstract

This paper focuses on the optimal utilization of grid-connected microgrids for providing frequency regulation services to the bulk systems they are connected to. We consider microgrids comprised of several distributed energy resources (DER) interconnected via an electrical network. We then formulate a joint DER scheduling and power-flow optimization problem in order to determine the DER setpoints so that the cost of failing to follow some regulation signal is minimized in each regulation contract; this problem is nonconvex. We propose a convex relaxation for this problem, and propose a family of continuous-time control laws, the trajectories of which can be computed in a distributed way. We prove that these converge to an optimal solution of the relaxed problem, and that they result in feasible power flows for the system at each time instant. The proposed continuous-time control laws have to be implemented in a discrete-time fashion over some communication network. We propose a discrete-time approximation of our control laws, and show that the resulting discrete-time control laws converge to an optimal solution of the relaxed problem.