Abstract
This paper presents a dynamic model of modular multilevel converters (MMCs), which are considered as an effective interface between energy sources and the power grid. By improving the converter performance, appropriate reactive power compensation is guaranteed. Modulation indices are calculated based on detailed harmonic evaluations of both dynamic and steady-state operation modes, which is considered as the main contribution of this paper in comparison with other methods. As another novelty of this paper, circulating current control is accomplished by embedding an additional second harmonic component in the modulation process. The proposed control method leads to an effective reduction in capacitor voltage fluctuation and losses. Finally, converter’s maximum stable operation range is modified, which provides efficiency enhancements and also stability assurance. The proficiency and functionality of the proposed controller are demonstrated through detailed theoretical analysis and simulations with MATLAB/Simulink.
Highlights
The growing global demand for energy consumption has led to fundamental changes in power grids
modular multilevel converters (MMCs) loss evaluations provided in Figure 11 confirm that the proposed method can effectively improve than 10% reductions in converter losses, using various second harmonic current control approaches converter operation in power loss terms, as well
This paper presented a dynamic model of MMC in STATCOM operating mode
Summary
The growing global demand for energy consumption has led to fundamental changes in power grids. The attractive features of MMC such as the capability of transformer-less operation, ease of scalability to higher voltage levels, low expenses and robustness in redundancy strategies and fault tolerant operation, high reliability, and good quality of the output waveforms have made this topology one of the most beneficial structures in various medium/high voltage applications [10,11] In this regard, studying different aspects of MMC operation such as modelling, modulation, circulating current, and capacitor voltage fluctuation seems to be noteworthy. These non-linear power electronics converters improve power quality at consumer’s end, i.e., an affordable consistent supply with fixed voltage level and suitable power factor (PF) and necessitate a local reactive power regulation.
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