Abstract
Gypsum formation on reverse osmosis membranes was investigated. Flux and supersaturation levels of gypsum were followed over time to establish the influence of concentration effects and inhibitors on membrane performance. Growth rate constant (k) comparisons established that k was a function of the initial degree of supersaturation of gypsum. The use of effective inhibitors influenced the growth rate constant, reducing it by 90% or more. An important effect of an inhibitor on scale formation is the reduction of crystal growth. Also, an organic inihibitor was far superior to SHMP in extending the induction period before scale began. Tests were conducted in various brines using recycle membrane disc and cartridge test devices. Both polyamide and cellulosic membranes were employed. Crystallization theory provides solutions with adequate approximation which have practical utility in predicting RO system performance.
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