Control of Gas Emissions (N2O and CO2) Associated with Applied Different Rates of Nitrogen and Their Influences on Growth, Productivity, and Physio-Biochemical Attributes of Green Bean Plants Grown under Different Irrigation Methods

Hossam S El-Beltagi,Wael F Shehata,Tarek A Shalaby,Fadl A Hashem,Noura M Taha,Mona Maze

doi:10.3390/agronomy12020249

Abstract

The use of nitrogenous fertilizers in agriculture can cause uncontrolled gas emissions, such as N2O and CO2, leading to global warming and serious climate change. In this study, we evaluated the greenhouse gases emissions (GHGs) that are concomitant with applied different rates of N fertilization, such as 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 110%, and 120% of the recommended dose in green beans grown under three irrigation systems (surface, subsurface, and drip irrigation). The obtained results showed that GHGs were positively correlated with increasing the rate of N fertilization. Meanwhile, the subsurface irrigation system followed by drip irrigation achieved the highest significant (p ≤ 0.05) values regarding the growth and pod yield attributes. Furthermore, N supplements at 90% and/or 100% of the recommended dose under the subsurface irrigation system led to the highest concentration of chlorophyll, vitamin C, total protein, and activities of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POX). Proline and pod fibers were decreased in parallel with increasing the N rate, while water use efficiency (WUE) was improved with increasing the rate of N supplements up to 100% or 110% of the recommended dose.

Highlights

Rising concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and other greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere are the main causes of global climate change that are associated with risks in many sectors [3]
The subsurface irrigation system presided over the highest values of the plant measurements, yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) of green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), compared with the other irrigation systems, where the yield under the subsurface irrigation system reached 4.93 with an average of 4.72 ton/acre in the first season and 4.52 ton/acre in the second season
The drip irrigation system showed high values that sometimes were close to the subsurface irrigation system value or even higher, as indicated by the pods’ fresh weight in the second season

Summary

Introduction

Climate change has the potential to both positively and negatively affect the location, timing, and productivity of crops, livestock, and fishery systems on local, national, and global scales. It will alter the stability of food supplies and create new food security challenges by 2050 [1]. Several studies have shown that climate change threatens agricultural productivity [2,3]. Climate change poses a major challenge to Egyptian agriculture because of the complex role agriculture plays in rural and national social and economic systems [1]

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Conclusion