Control of Early Postoperative Pain with Bupivacaine in Pediatric Tonsillectomy

Abstract

Early postoperative pain following pediatric tonsillectomy remains a significant obstacle to speedy recovery and smooth convalescence. Inadequate analgesia causes poor oral intake and occasionally requires overnight hospitalization in same day surgery practices. Several otolaryngologists anecdotally support intraoperative infiltration with a long-acting amide anesthetic, bupivacaine hydrochloride, for postoperative pain control. However, no previous study supports these claims. At the National Naval Medical Center, a prospective, randomized, double-blinded study was undertaken in fifty patients, ages 3 to 16 years old. After tonsil resection, either 0.5% bupivacaine or saline was injected into each fossa. We asked the parents three questions. First, what was the level of pain at 2, 6 and 10 hours postoperatively? Second, what was the amount of oral intake during the first 10 hours after surgery? And third, how many doses of oral acetaminophen elixir were administered over the first 10 postoperative hours? Bupivacaine administration caused no adverse effects. There was no difference in perceived pain level between bupivacaine and saline groups at 2, 6 and 10 hours. Oral intake levels over the first 10 hours were similar. Although bupivacaine group patients received fewer doses of oral acetaminophen, the difference between groups was not statistically significant. We conclude that bupivacaine is a safe medication for infiltration, but offers no advantage over saline in the control of early postoperative pain in pediatric tonsillectomy.