Abstract
Acute diarrheal disease among children aged less than five years remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Severe infectious diarrhoea in children occurs most frequently under circumstances of poor environmental sanitation and hygiene, inadequate water supplies and poverty. In Kenya, the control of diarrhoea disease including the promotion of breastfeeding, oral rehydration therapy and specific health education is a part of national strategies aimed to improve the quality of life and reduce the burdens caused by diseases. In Kericho West Sub-County, diseases associated with contaminated water, sanitation and poor hygiene tend to affect more in rural households. Nearly half of the children under five years suffer from related diarrhoeal diseases, thereby causing major concern to the entire local population. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the factors that lead to diarrhoeal diseases, to investigate the hygienic condition and source of water supply in the area, to examine the practices of the breastfeeding mothers and to determine the measures the county government has put in place to improve the health situation of the children. The study was grounded on two theories proposed by self-efficacy theory by Bandura. The study was carried out using a structured questionnaire as a quantitative tool while the interview guide was the qualitative tool for data collection. The location of the study was in Kericho West sub-county. The study concluded that there was a relationship between childhood diarrhoea, water, sanitation and hygiene in the study area. The study also found that there was a substantial positive association between breastfeeding and diarrhoea in children aged less than five years. From the findings, 83% used water with soap, while 41.3% obtained food from street vendors. The study recommends that the government facilities and private facilities should start sensitizing the Kericho West sub-county residents on the importance of maintaining hygiene through the use of clean and treated water as well as washing their utensils with hot water and soap. The government health care workers at the government facilities should counsel all the mothers and educate them on all the waterborne diseases as this would be the best option to control the communicable diseases in the County.
Highlights
According to Ojewumi and Ojewumi (2012), diarrhoea prevalence continues to be alarming in Sub-Saharan Africa as a leading killer disease responsible for high morbidity and mortality, especially to children under the age of 5 years
The study established that the most devastating cause of diarrhoea as faecal, as the chef route of propagation of the menace. This is supported by a scientific background of the study which indicates that among the widest variant of pathogens indicates diarrhoea are species of bacteria, viral and protozoa that mainly emanate from the pathogens excreted from faeces which can be from humans or animals
If the child is exposed to hot weather, he/she gets diarrhoea. These findings clearly indicate the existence of the knowledge gap on the aetiology of childhood diarrhoea from the parents
Summary
According to Ojewumi and Ojewumi (2012), diarrhoea prevalence continues to be alarming in Sub-Saharan Africa as a leading killer disease responsible for high morbidity and mortality, especially to children under the age of 5 years. This is especially so because of the region unique geographic, prevailing economic climate and poor health personnel and facilities as well as sociocultural factors. Among the most important of these are Escherichia coli (E. coli), Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter jejuni, Vibrio cholera, Rotavirus, Nor virus, Giandia lamblia, Cryptosporidium and Entamoeba histolytica (WHO, 2009)
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