Abstract
Penicillium expansum, one of the important causal agents of blue mold of apple in storages in Ontario, has developed resistance to thiabendazole, a postharvest fungicide, in some storages. In an attempt to develop alternate fungicides to thiabendazole, the protective effect of three fungicides, fludioxonil, cyprodinil, and a mixture of fludioxonil and cyprodinil, were evaluated for their efficacy against blue mold caused by thiabendazole-sensitive and -resistant isolates of P. expansum. The three fungicides were equally effective against thiabendazole-sensitive and -resistant isolates of P. expansum. Fenhexamid had no activity against P. expansum. No cross-resistance was observed between thiabendazole and fludioxonil or cyprodinil. Lower concentrations of fludioxonil (45 µg·mL–1), cyprodinil (50 µg·mL–1), and fludioxonil + cyprodinil (50 + 75 µg·mL–1) gave >97.0% control for up to 1 month, but higher concentrations of fludioxonil (100 µg·mL–1) and fludioxonil + cyprodinil (150 + 225 µg·mL–1) were required to control blue mold for 62 days at 4 °C. When the mixture was tested, antagonistic effect was observed at lower concentrations; however, higher concentrations completely controlled the disease. Fludioxonil and cyprodinil have modes of action different from each other and from that of the thiabendazole; they have the potential to be effective components in the resistance management for postharvest control of apple blue mold.
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