Abstract
Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) catalysts respond slowly to transient inputs, which is troublesome when designing ammonia feed controllers. An experimental SCR test apparatus installed on a slipstream of a Coo-per-Bessemer GMV-4, 2-stroke cycle natural gas engine is utilized. Ammonia (NH3) feed rate control algo-rithm development is carried out. Two control algorithms are evaluated: a feed forward control algorithm, using a pre ammonia injection ceramic NOx sensor and a feed forward plus feedback control algorithm, us-ing a pre ammonia injection ceramic NOx sensor and post catalyst ceramic NOx sensor to generate feedback signals. The feed forward algorithm controls to constant user input NH3/NOx molar ratio. The data show the lack of pressure compensation on the ceramic NOx sensors cause errors in feed forward NOx readings, re-sulting in sub optimal ammonia feed. The feedback system minimizes the post catalyst ceramic NOx sensor signal by adjusting the NH3/NOx molar ratio. The NOx sensors respond to ammonia + NOx; therefore, the feed forward plus feedback algorithm minimizes the sum of NOx emissions and ammonia slip. Successful application of the feedback control minimization technique is demonstrated with feedback periods of 15 and 5 minutes with molar ratio step sizes of 5 and 2.5%, respectively.
Highlights
Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) is an aftertreatment technique for reduction of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) from the exhaust from combustion devices
The NOx sensors respond to ammonia + NOx; the feed forward plus feedback algorithm minimizes the sum of NOx emissions and ammonia slip
SCR requires a reagent be blended with exhaust upstream of the SCR catalyst, which reacts with NOx across the SCR catalyst
Summary
Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) is an aftertreatment technique for reduction of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) from the exhaust from combustion devices. SCR requires a reagent be blended with exhaust upstream of the SCR catalyst, which reacts with NOx across the SCR catalyst. The reagent feed rate must be precisely controlled to achieve high efficiency NOx reduction, while limiting ammonia slip [1]. Reagent feed rate control techniques have been studied to improve SCR performance. In the case of mobile applications, the high level of transients requires fast feedback response. In the case of stationary engine applications operating condition changes are slower. Control techniques for slow, stationary applications are developed in this work. Feedback algorithms are used to compensate for feedforward errors, such as sensor drift and ammonia injector nozzle clogging
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