Abstract
In this paper, automatic generation control (AGC) of two area interconnected power system having diverse sources of power generation is studied. A two area power system comprises power generations from hydro, thermal and gas sources in area-1 and power generations from hydro and thermal sources in area-2. All the power generation units from different sources are equipped with speed governors. A continuous time transfer function model of the system for studying dynamic response for small load disturbances is presented. A proportional-integral-derivative (PID) automatic generation control scheme is applied only to power generations from thermal and gas sources and power generation from hydro source is allowed to operate at its scheduled level with only speed governor control. The two area power system is simulated for different nominal loading conditions. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is used to obtain the optimal PID gains for various cases using integral squared error plus integral time absolute error (ISE+ITAE) performance index for fitness evaluation. Some of the transient responses are shown for different nominal loading conditions due to step load disturbances in the system.
Highlights
Power systems consist of control areas representing a coherent group of generators i.e. generators which swing in unison characterized by equal frequency deviations
In this paper selection of PID controller gains using a combination of ISE and ITAE (Ramakrishna et al, 2007) criterion is presented for automatic generation control of two area interconnected power system with diverse sources of power generation
It has been found that the optimal gains of the AGC are different for different loading conditions
Summary
Power systems consist of control areas representing a coherent group of generators i.e. generators which swing in unison characterized by equal frequency deviations. The performance of the automatic generation control depends upon how various power generating units respond to these signals The speed of their response is limited by natural time lags of the various turbine dynamics and the power system itself. Due to the lower power production cost a typical generation in an area may be contributing to its maximum by running at its rated load capacity while others may not be In such case the typical generation is regulated by the speed governor alone but its dynamics will play a role in the selection of the automatic generation controller parameters for other generations in the area. In this paper selection of PID controller gains using a combination of ISE and ITAE (Ramakrishna et al, 2007) criterion is presented for automatic generation control of two area interconnected power system with diverse sources of power generation. Due to its high potential for global optimization, PSO has received great attention in control systems such as the search of optimal PID controller parameters
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