Abstract
Power-hardware-in-the-loop systems enable testing of power converters for electric vehicles (EV) without the use of real physical components. Battery emulation is one example of such a system, demanding the use of bidirectional power flow, a wide output voltage range and high current swings. A multiphase synchronous DC-DC converter is appropriate to handle all of these requirements. The control of the multiphase converter needs to make sure that the current is shared equally between phases. It is preferred that the closed-loop dynamic model is linear in a wide range of output currents and voltages, where parameter variations, control signal limits, dead time effects, and so on, are compensated for. In the case presented in this paper, a cascade control structure was used with inner sliding mode control for phase currents. For the outer voltage loop, a proportional controller with output current feedforward compensation was used. Disturbance observers were used in current loops and in the voltage loop to compensate mismatches between the model and the real circuit. The tuning rules are proposed for all loops and observers, to simplify the design and assure operation without saturation of control signals, that is, duty cycle and inductor current reference. By using the proposed control algorithms and tuning rules, a linear reduced order system model was devised, which is valid for the entire operational range of the converter. The operation was verified on a prototype 4-phase synchronous DC-DC converter.
Highlights
The global transport sector is currently moving from fossil fuel vehicles to electrically driven vehicles (EV)
A prototype 4-phase synchronous buck converter was built to prove the concept of the proposed control algorithm
A control algorithm has been proposed for control of a multiphase buck converter
Summary
The global transport sector is currently moving from fossil fuel vehicles to electrically driven vehicles (EV). An electric motor requires a power controller to control speed, torque and power. In addition to powering the motor, the controller can support the regeneration of the energy in the battery and, establishes a two-way flow of energy. When testing a controller for EV and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), real operating conditions are needed, which involves a battery. This battery should be preconditioned, which takes time. The high capacity batteries of today are lithium-based and very vulnerable to abuse. For example, high temperature, overcurrent, or mechanical intervention, they can catch fire, or, in the worst cases, even explode
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