Abstract
Nosemosis is a bee disease practically present in all countries of the world. Control of the presence of Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae is of great importance. The consequences for bees will depend on the degree of infection of the bees colony.Weakening of bee colonies, reduction of production possibilities, contamination with bee feces of hives, death of bees and / or their complete disappearance are some of the signs of the disease. The bees life physiology, which largely depends on the season, and regular control of the pathogenspresence can determine the perspective of the disease.
 The consequences of reducing the number of bee colonies are not only reflected in a smaller amount of bee products (honey, royal jelly, pollen, wax), but their lack is directly reflected in agricultural production by reducing pollination. Domestic and international trade in bee products plays an important role in the transmission of Nosema sp. and others infectious and parasitic diseases of bees. Therefore, the control of the presence and viability of Nosema sp. in some bee products is important. Our analysis showed that the control of the presence of the cause of nosemosis in our conditions is small in relation to the number of beekeepers, bee colonies and hives. On the other hand, reducing the viability of Nosema sp. in different temperature conditions provides an opportunity for safe trade.
Highlights
Honeybees (Apis mellifera) are organisms that are very well adapted and able to survive in different climate, geographical and ambient living conditions
Our analysis showed that the control of the presence of the cause of nosemosis in our conditions, without clearly defined legal regulations, is insufficient with regards to the number of beekeepers, bee colonies and hives
Nosemosis is an infectious bee disease that can be caused by two types of nosema: Nosema apis type A nosemosis and Nosema ceranae type C nosemosis (Higes et al, 2010; Martın-Hernandez et al, 2018)
Summary
Honeybees (Apis mellifera) are organisms that are very well adapted and able to survive in different climate, geographical and ambient living conditions For these reasons, bees are capable of successful reproduction and development around the planet. The presence of the causative agent of nosemosis directly leads to a decrease in the lifespan of bees, increased winter death, it affects the strength of bee colonies and their productivity (Botías et al, 2013). Any of the mentioned forms of trade in bee products can lead to the transmission of the following: the causative agent of American foulbrood of honey bees (Paenibacillus larvae), European foulbrood (Melissococcus plutonis, Streptococcus pluton, Bacillus alvei, Achromobacter eurydice, Streptococcus faecalis, Bacillus laterosporus), Nosemosis (Nosema apis, Nosema ceranae), Varroa (Varoa destructor), Ethinosis (Aethina tumida), Tropileleosis (Tropilaelaps spp.), Ascospherosis (Ascosphaera apis) and various viral diseases (Mutinelli, 2011)
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