Abstract
This paper presents a proposal for potential bioelectrochemical power to gas stations. It consists of a two-level voltage source converter interfacing the electrical grid on the AC side and an electromethanogenesis based bioelectrochemical system (EMG-BES) working as a stacked module on the DC side. The proposed system converts CO2 and electrical energy into methane, using wastewater as the additional chemical energy input. This energy storage system can contribute to dampening the variability of renewables in the electrical network, provide even flexibility and grid services by controlling the active and reactive power exchanged and is an interesting alternative technology in the market of energy storage for big energy applications. The big challenge for controlling this system lays in the fact that the DC bus voltage of the converter has to be changed in order to regulate the exchanged active power with the grid. This paper presents a cascade approach to control such a system by means of combining external control loops with fast inner loops. The outer power loop, with a proportional-integral (PI) controller with special limitation values and anti-windup capability, is used to generate DC bus voltage reference. An intermediate loop is used for DC bus voltage regulation and current reference generation. A new proportional resonant controller is used to track the current reference. The proposed scheme has been validated through real-time simulation in OPAL OP4510.
Highlights
The electricity production from renewable-based Distributed Generation (DG) technologies has rapidly increased due to the growth of electrical energy consumption and environmental concerns [1,2]
0,stackfor ns modules, wherein: (1) the level of current can be controlled by the input voltage; (2) the n input voltage must be higher than 0.45 V and less than 1 V for linear operation of electromethanogenesis based bioelectrochemical system (EMG-BES); R0,stack
Afterwards, a cascaded control scheme based on three loops, including power-voltage-current loops, was proposed to achieve goals as follows: (1) track power references, (2) avoid converter uncontrollability, and (3) keep the grid current sinusoidal
Summary
The electricity production from renewable-based Distributed Generation (DG) technologies has rapidly increased due to the growth of electrical energy consumption and environmental concerns [1,2]. Bioelectrochemical systems performing electromethanogenesis (EMG-BES) were first proposed in 2009 as an alternative way to drive the reduction of CO2 (dissolved into an aqueous medium) into CH4 [16] This represented a milestone for the development of likely processes, producing different added-value chemicals and fuels from CO2 and renewable energy surplus [17]. P2G based on EMG-BES represents an innovative and flexible energy storage technology for renewable energy surplus (RES) management. It offers a suitable solution for seasonal energy storage of RES, and it enables the convergence of an electrical grid with an existing natural gas grid into one hybrid energy system [19].
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