Abstract
The process of continuous casting of steel is a complex technological task, including issues related to heat transfer, the steel solidification process, liquid metal flow and phase transitions in the solid state. This involves considerable difficulty in creating the optimal process control system, which would include the influence of all the physico-chemical phenomena which may occur. In parallel, there is an intensive development of new mathematical models and an increase in computer performance, therefore complex numerical simulations requiring substantial computing time can be conducted. This paper presents a review of currently applied numerical methods allowing the phenomena accompanying the process of continuous casting of steel to be accurately represented. Special attention was paid to the selection of appropriate methods to solve the technological problem selected. The possibilities of applying selected numerical models were analysed in order to modify and improve the existing process or to design a new one linked to the implementation of new steel grades in the current production. The description of the method of defining the boundary conditions, initial conditions and material parameters as vital components ensuring that numerical calculations based upon them in the finite element method, which is that most frequently applied, are correct is an important element of the paper. The possibility of reliably defining the values of boundary parameters on the basis of information on the intensity of cooling in individual zones of the continuous casting machine was analysed.
Highlights
Modelling the process of steel continuous casting is a very complex task, and can be accomplished using various types of mathematical models
A set of information about cooling water intensity in machine sections depending on the casting speed is called a cooling schedule
Maintaining comparable metallurgical lengths for various strand casting speeds guarantees that safety is ensured during the continuous casting process as the strand is fully solidified before shearing
Summary
Modelling the process of steel continuous casting is a very complex task, and can be accomplished using various types of mathematical models. The desired information is knowledge of the metallurgical length of the strand and the dynamics of changes in the shell thickness. This is the case when determining a place for carrying out the so-called soft reduction operation. A problem like this does not require answering a series of questions related to stress occurring in the strand, the structure formed, or potential cast strand defects. It is understandable that the model is naturally simplified to a form, which still provides a credible answer to the questions that are primarily asked [1,2,3,4]
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